Osvědčené postupy pro příklad kódu protokolování Node.js v roce 2024

Přečtěte si další informace o osvědčených postupech, standardech a metadatech pro protokolování Node.js a JavaScriptu.

Forward Email tým
Napsáno
Forward Email týmVerified
Publikováno
11/1/24
Čas na čtení
Méně než 5 minut

build status code style styled with prettier made with lass license npm downloads

Axe is a logger-agnostic wrapper that normalizes logs regardless of argument style. Great for large development teams, old and new projects, and works with Pino, Bunyan, Winston, console, and more. It is lightweight, performant, highly-configurable, and automatically adds OS, CPU, and Git information to your logs. It supports hooks (useful for masking sensitive data) and dot-notation remapping, omitting, and picking of log metadata properties. Made for Forward Email, Lad, and Cabin.

Foreword

Axe was built to provide consistency among development teams when it comes to logging. You not only have to worry about your development team using the same approach to writing logs and debugging applications, but you also have to consider that open-source maintainers implement logging differently in their packages.

There is no industry standard as to logging style, and developers mix and match arguments without consistency. For example, one developer may use the approach of console.log('someVariable', someVariable) and another developer will simply write console.log(someVariable). Even if both developers wrote in the style of console.log('someVariable', someVariable), there still could be an underlying third-party package that logs differently, or uses an entirely different approach. Furthermore, by default there is no consistency of logs with stdout or using any third-party hosted logging dashboard solution. It will also be almost impossible to spot logging outliers as it would be too time intensive.

No matter how your team or underlying packages style arguments when invoked with logger methods, Axe will clean it up and normalize it for you. This is especially helpful as you can see outliers much more easily in your logging dashboards, and pinpoint where in your application you need to do a better job of logging at. Axe makes your logs consistent and organized.

Axe is highly configurable and has built-in functionality to remap, omit, and pick metadata fields with dot-notation support. Instead of using slow functions like lodash's omit, we use a more performant approach.

Axe adheres to the Log4j log levels, which have been established for 21+ years (since 2001). This means that you can use any custom logger (or the default console), but we strictly support the following log levels:

  • trace
  • debug
  • info
  • warn
  • error
  • fatal

Axe normalizes invocation of logger methods to be called with only two arguments: a String or Error as the first argument and an Object as the second argument. These two arguments are referred to as "message" and "meta" respectively. For example, if you're simply logging a message and some other information:

logger.info('Hello world', { beep: 'boop', foo: true });
// Hello world { beep: 'boop', foo: true }

Or if you're logging a user, or a variable in general:

logger.info('user', { user: { id: '1' } });
// user { user: { id: '1' } }

logger.info('someVariable', { someVariable: true });
// someVariable { someVariable: true }

You might write logs with three arguments (level, message, meta) using the log method of Axe's returned logger instance:

logger.log('info', 'Hello world', { beep: 'boop', foo: true });
// Hello world { beep: 'boop', foo: true }

Logging errors is just the same as you might do now:

logger.error(new Error('Oops!'));

// Error: Oops!
//     at REPL3:1:14
//     at Script.runInThisContext (node:vm:129:12)
//     at REPLServer.defaultEval (node:repl:566:29)
//     at bound (node:domain:421:15)
//     at REPLServer.runBound [as eval] (node:domain:432:12)
//     at REPLServer.onLine (node:repl:893:10)
//     at REPLServer.emit (node:events:539:35)
//     at REPLServer.emit (node:domain:475:12)
//     at REPLServer.Interface._onLine (node:readline:487:10)
//     at REPLServer.Interface._line (node:readline:864:8)

You might log errors like this:

logger.error(new Error('Oops!'), new Error('Another Error!'));

// Error: Oops!
//     at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/user/Projects/axe/test.js:5:14)
//     at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1105:14)
//     at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:10)
//     at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:981:32)
//     at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:822:12)
//     at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:77:12)
//     at node:internal/main/run_main_module:17:47
//
// Error: Another Error!
//     at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/user/Projects/axe/test.js:5:34)
//     at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1105:14)
//     at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:10)
//     at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:981:32)
//     at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:822:12)
//     at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:77:12)
//     at node:internal/main/run_main_module:17:47

Or even multiple errors:

logger.error(new Error('Oops!'), new Error('Another Error!'), new Error('Woah!'));

// Error: Oops!
//     at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/user/Projects/axe/test.js:6:3)
//     at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1105:14)
//     at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:10)
//     at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:981:32)
//     at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:822:12)
//     at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:77:12)
//     at node:internal/main/run_main_module:17:47
//
// Error: Another Error!
//     at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/user/Projects/axe/test.js:7:3)
//     at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1105:14)
//     at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:10)
//     at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:981:32)
//     at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:822:12)
//     at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:77:12)
//     at node:internal/main/run_main_module:17:47
//
// Error: Woah!
//     at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/user/Projects/axe/test.js:8:3)
//     at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1105:14)
//     at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:10)
//     at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:981:32)
//     at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:822:12)
//     at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:77:12)
//     at node:internal/main/run_main_module:17:47

As you can see, Axe combines multiple errors into one – for an easy to read stack trace.

If you simply use logger.log, then the log level used will be info, but it will still use the logger's native log method (as opposed to using info). If you invoke logger.log (or any other logging method, e.g. logger.info, logger.warn, or logger.error), then it will consistently invoke the internal logger with these two arguments.

logger.log('hello world');
// hello world

logger.info('hello world');
// hello world

logger.warn('uh oh!', { amount_spent: 50 });
// uh oh! { amount_spent: 50 }

As you can see - this is exactly what you'd want your logger output to look like. Axe doesn't change anything out of the ordinary. Now here is where Axe is handy - it will automatically normalize argument style for you:

logger.warn({ hello: 'world' }, 'uh oh');
// uh oh { hello: 'world' }

logger.warn('uh oh', 'foo bar', 'beep boop');
// uh oh foo bar beep boop

logger.warn('hello', new Error('uh oh!'));

// Error: uh oh!
//     at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/user/Projects/axe/test.js:5:22)
//     at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1105:14)
//     at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:10)
//     at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:981:32)
//     at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:822:12)
//     at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:77:12)
//     at node:internal/main/run_main_module:17:47

logger.warn(new Error('uh oh!'), 'hello');

// Error: uh oh!
//     at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/user/Projects/axe/test.js:9:13)
//     at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1105:14)
//     at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:10)
//     at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:981:32)
//     at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:822:12)
//     at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:77:12)
//     at node:internal/main/run_main_module:17:47

Axe has support for format specifiers, and you can even use format specifiers in the browser (uses format-util – has limited number of format specifiers) and Node (uses the built-in util.format method – supports all format specifiers). This feature is built-in thanks to smart detection using format-specifiers.

logger.info('favorite color is %s', 'blue');
// favorite color is blue

As you can see, Axe makes your logs consistent in both Node and browser environments.

Axe's goal is to allow you to log in any style, but make your log output more readable, organized, and clean.

The most impactful feature of Axe is that it makes logger output human-friendly and readable when there are multiple errors.

Normally console output (and most other loggers) by default will output the following unreadable stack trace:

> console.log(new Error('hello'), new Error('world'));
Error: hello
    at REPL6:1:13
    at Script.runInThisContext (node:vm:129:12)
    at REPLServer.defaultEval (node:repl:566:29)
    at bound (node:domain:421:15)
    at REPLServer.runBound [as eval] (node:domain:432:12)
    at REPLServer.onLine (node:repl:893:10)
    at REPLServer.emit (node:events:539:35)
    at REPLServer.emit (node:domain:475:12)
    at REPLServer.Interface._onLine (node:readline:487:10)
    at REPLServer.Interface._line (node:readline:864:8) Error: world
    at REPL6:1:33
    at Script.runInThisContext (node:vm:129:12)
    at REPLServer.defaultEval (node:repl:566:29)
    at bound (node:domain:421:15)
    at REPLServer.runBound [as eval] (node:domain:432:12)
    at REPLServer.onLine (node:repl:893:10)
    at REPLServer.emit (node:events:539:35)
    at REPLServer.emit (node:domain:475:12)
    at REPLServer.Interface._onLine (node:readline:487:10)
    at REPLServer.Interface._line (node:readline:864:8)

However with Axe, errors and stack traces are much more readable (we use maybe-combine-errors under the hood):

> logger.log(new Error('hello'), new Error('world'));
Error: hello
    at REPL7:1:12
    at Script.runInThisContext (node:vm:129:12)
    at REPLServer.defaultEval (node:repl:566:29)
    at bound (node:domain:421:15)
    at REPLServer.runBound [as eval] (node:domain:432:12)
    at REPLServer.onLine (node:repl:893:10)
    at REPLServer.emit (node:events:539:35)
    at REPLServer.emit (node:domain:475:12)
    at REPLServer.Interface._onLine (node:readline:487:10)
    at REPLServer.Interface._line (node:readline:864:8)

Error: world
    at REPL7:1:32
    at Script.runInThisContext (node:vm:129:12)
    at REPLServer.defaultEval (node:repl:566:29)
    at bound (node:domain:421:15)
    at REPLServer.runBound [as eval] (node:domain:432:12)
    at REPLServer.onLine (node:repl:893:10)
    at REPLServer.emit (node:events:539:35)
    at REPLServer.emit (node:domain:475:12)
    at REPLServer.Interface._onLine (node:readline:487:10)
    at REPLServer.Interface._line (node:readline:864:8)

Lastly, Axe works in both server-side and client-side environments (with Node and the browser).

Application Metadata and Information

If you've read the Foreword, you'll know that Axe invokes logger methods with two normalized arguments, message (String or Error) and meta (Object).

Axe will automatically add the following metadata and information to the meta Object argument passed to logger methods:

Property Type Description
meta.level String The log level invoked (e.g. "info").
meta.err Object Parsed error information using parse-err.
meta.original_err Object If and only if meta.err already existed, this field is preserved as meta.original_err on the metadata object.
meta.original_meta Object If and only if meta already existed as an argument and was not an Object (e.g. an Array), this field is preserved as meta.original_meta on the metadata object.
meta.app Object Application information parsed using parse-app-info. This is not added in Browser environments. See below nested properties.
meta.app.name String Name of the app from package.json.
meta.app.version String Version of the app package.json.
meta.app.node String Version if node.js running the app.
meta.app.hash String The latest Git commit hash; not available when not in a Git repository or if there is no Git commit hash.
meta.app.tag String The latest Git tag; not available when not in a Git repository or if there is no Git tag.
meta.app.environment String The value of process.env.NODE_ENV.
meta.app.hostname String Name of the computer.
meta.app.pid Number Process ID as in process.pid.
meta.app.cluster Object Node cluster information.
meta.app.os Object Node os information.
meta.app.worker_threads Object Node worker_threads information.

As of v11.0.0 Axe will output meta.app by default unless you pass omittedFields: [ 'app' ] or specify the process environment variable of AXE_OMIT_META_FIELDS=app node app.js when you start your app.

Axe will omit from metadata all properties via the default Array from meta.omittedFields option (see Options below for more insight).

If the argument "meta" is an empty object, then it will not be passed as an argument to logger methods – because you don't want to see an empty {} polluting your log metadata. Axe keeps your log output tidy.

hello world {
  level: 'info',
  app: {
    name: 'axe',
    version: '10.0.0',
    node: 'v16.15.1',
    hash: '5ecd389b2523a8e810416f6c4e3ffa0ba6573dc2',
    tag: 'v10.0.0',
    environment: 'development',
    hostname: 'users-MacBook-Air.local',
    pid: 3477,
    cluster: { isMaster: true, isWorker: false, schedulingPolicy: 2 },
    os: {
      arch: 'arm64',
      cpus: [Array],
      endianness: 'LE',
      freemem: 271433728,
      priority: 0,
      homedir: '/Users/user',
      hostname: 'users-MacBook-Air.local',
      loadavg: [Array],
      network_interfaces: [Object],
      platform: 'darwin',
      release: '21.3.0',
      tmpdir: '/var/folders/rl/gz_3j8fx4s98k2kb0hknfygm0000gn/T',
      totalmem: 17179869184,
      type: 'Darwin',
      uptime: 708340,
      user: [Object],
      version: 'Darwin Kernel Version 21.3.0: Wed Dec  8 00:40:46 PST 2021; root:xnu-8019.80.11.111.1~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T8101'
    },
    worker_threads: {
      isMainThread: true,
      resourceLimits: {},
      threadId: 0,
      workerData: null
    }
  }
}

Note that you can also combine meta.omittedFields with meta.pickedFields and meta.remappedFields (in case you want to output specific properties from meta.app and exclude others – see Options for more insight).

Install

Node

npm:

npm install axe

Browser

See Browser usage below for more information.

Usage

Options

Property Type Default Value Description
showStack Boolean true Attempts to parse a boolean value from process.env.AXE_SHOW_STACK). If this value is true, then if message is an instance of an Error, it will be invoked as the first argument to logger methods. If this is false, then only the err.message will be invoked as the first argument to logger methods. Basically if true it will call logger.method(err) and if false it will call logger.method(err.message). If you pass err as the first argument to a logger method, then it will show the stack trace via err.stack typically.
meta Object See below Stores all meta config information (see the following nested properties below).
meta.show Boolean true Attempts to parse a boolean value from process.env.AXE_SHOW_META – meaning you can pass a flag AXE_SHOW_META=true node app.js when needed for debugging), whether or not to output metadata to logger methods. If set to false, then fields will not be omitted nor picked; the entire meta object will be hidden from logger output.
meta.remappedFields Object {} Attempts to parse an Object mapping from process.env.AXE_REMAPPED_META_FIELDS (, and : delimited, e.g. REMAPPED_META_FIELDS=foo:bar,beep.boop:beepBoop to remap meta.foo to meta.bar and meta.beep.boop to meta.beepBoop). Note that this will clean up empty objects by default unless you set the option meta.cleanupRemapping to false). Supports dot-notation.
meta.omittedFields Array [] Attempts to parse an array value from process.env.AXE_OMIT_META_FIELDS (, delimited) - meaning you can pass a flag AXE_OMIT_META_FIELDS=user,id node app.js), determining which fields to omit in the metadata passed to logger methods. Supports dot-notation.
meta.pickedFields Array [] Attempts to parse an array value from process.env.AXE_PICK_META_FIELDS (, delimited) - meaning you can pass a flag, e.g. AXE_PICK_META_FIELDS=request.headers,response.headers node app.js which would pick from meta.request and meta.response only meta.request.headers and meta.response.headers), This takes precedence after fields are omitted, which means this acts as a whitelist. Supports dot-notation. As of v11.2.0 this now supports Symbols, but only top-level symbols via Reflect.ownKeys (not recursive yet).
meta.cleanupRemapping Boolean true Whether or not to cleanup empty objects after remapping operations are completed)
meta.hideHTTP Boolean true Whether to suppress HTTP metadata (prevents logger invocation with second arg meta) if meta.is_http is true (via parse-request v5.1.0+). If you manually set meta.is_http = true and this is true, then meta arg will be suppressed as well.
meta.hideMeta String or Boolean "hide_meta" If this value is provided as a String, then if meta[config.hideMeta] is true, it will suppress the entire metadata object meta (the second arg) from being passed/invoked to the logger. This is useful when you want to suppress metadata from the logger invocation, but still persist it to post hooks (e.g. for sending upstream to your log storage provider). This helps to keep development and production console output clean while also allowing you to still store the meta object.
silent Boolean false Whether or not to invoke logger methods. Pre and post hooks will still run even if this option is set to false.
logger Object console Defaults to console with console-polyfill added automatically, though you can bring your own logger. See custom logger – you can pass an instance of pino, signale, winston, bunyan, etc.
name String or Boolean false if NODE_ENV is "development" otherwise the value of process.env.HOSTNAME or os.hostname() The default name for the logger (defaults to false in development environments, which does not set logger.name) – this is useful if you are using a logger like pino which prefixes log output with the name set here.
level String "info" The default level of logging to invoke logger methods for (defaults to info, which includes all logs including info and higher in severity (e.g. info, warn, error, fatal)
levels Array ['info','warn','error','fatal'] An Array of logging levels to support. You usually shouldn't change this unless you want to prevent logger methods from being invoked or prevent hooks from being run for a certain log level. If an invalid log level is attempted to be invoked, and if it is not in this Array, then no hooks and no logger methods will be invoked.
appInfo Boolean true Attempts to parse a boolean value from process.env.AXE_APP_INFO) - whether or not to parse application information (using parse-app-info).

Suppress Console Output and Logger Invocation

If you wish to suppress console output (e.g. prevent logger invocation) for a specific log – you can do so by setting a special property to have a true value in the meta object.

This special property is a Symbol via Symbol.for('axe.silent'). Using a Symbol will prevent logs from being suppressed inadvertently (e.g. if a meta object contained is_silent: true however you did not explicitly set is_silent: true, as it might have been the result of another package or Object parsed.

To do so, simply declare const silentSymbol = Symbol.for('axe.silent') and then use it as follows:

const Axe = require('axe');

const silentSymbol = Symbol.for('axe.silent');

const logger = new Axe();

logger.info('hello world');                           // <--- outputs to console "hello world"
logger.info('hello world', { [silentSymbol]: true }); // <--- **does not output to console**

Pre and post hooks will still run whether this is set to true or not – this is simply only for logger method invocation.

Another common use case for this is to suppress console output for HTTP asset requests that are successful.

Note that the example provided below assumes you are using Cabin's middleware which parses HTTP requests into the meta Object properly:

const Axe = require('axe');

const silentSymbol = Symbol.for('axe.silent');

const logger = new Axe();

const IGNORED_CONTENT_TYPES = [
  'application/javascript; charset=utf-8',
  'application/manifest+json',
  'font',
  'image',
  'text/css'
];

//
// set the silent symbol in axe to true for successful asset responses
//
for (const level of logger.config.levels) {
  logger.pre(level, function (err, message, meta) {
    if (
      meta.is_http &&
      meta.response &&
      meta.response.status_code &&
      meta.response.status_code < 400 &&
      (meta.response.status_code === 304 ||
        (meta.response.headers &&
          meta.response.headers['content-type'] &&
          IGNORED_CONTENT_TYPES.some((c) =>
            meta.response.headers['content-type'].startsWith(c)
          )))
    )
      meta[silentSymbol] = true;
    return [err, message, meta];
  });
}

Supported Platforms

  • Node: v14+

  • Browsers (see .browserslistrc):

    npx browserslist

    and_chr 107
and_ff 106
and_qq 13.1
and_uc 13.4
android 107
chrome 107
chrome 106
chrome 105
edge 107
edge 106
edge 105
firefox 106
firefox 105
firefox 102
ios_saf 16.1
ios_saf 16.0
ios_saf 15.6
ios_saf 15.5
ios_saf 14.5-14.8
kaios 2.5
op_mini all
op_mob 64
opera 91
opera 90
safari 16.1
safari 16.0
safari 15.6
samsung 18.0
samsung 17.0

Node

const Axe = require('axe');

const logger = new Axe();

logger.info('hello world');

Browser

This package requires Promise support, therefore you will need to polyfill if you are using an unsupported browser (namely Opera mini).

We no longer support IE as of Axe v10.0.0+.

VanillaJS

The browser-ready bundle is only 18 KB when minified and 6 KB when gzipped.

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=Promise"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axe"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  (function () {
    // make a new logger instance
    const logger = new Axe();
    logger.info('hello world');

    // or you can override console everywhere
    console = new Axe();
    console.info('hello world');
  });
</script>

Required Browser Features

We recommend using https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill (specifically with the bundle mentioned in VanillaJS above):

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=Promise"></script>
  • Promise is not supported in op_mini all

Bundler

If you're using something like browserify, webpack, or rollup, then install the package as you would with Node above.

Custom logger

By default, Axe uses the built-in console (with console-polyfill for cross-browser support).

However you might want to use something fancier, and as such we support any logger out of the box.

Loggers supported include, but are not limited to:

Just pass your custom logging utility as the logger option:

const signale = require('signale');
const Axe = require('axe');

const logger = new Axe({ logger: signale });

logger.info('hello world');

In Lad, we have an approach similar to the following, where non-production environments use consola, and production environments use pino.

const Axe = require('axe');
const consola = require('consola');
const pino = require('pino')({
  customLevels: {
    log: 30
  },
  hooks: {
    // <https://github.com/pinojs/pino/blob/master/docs/api.md#logmethod>
    logMethod(inputArgs, method) {
      return method.call(this, {
        // <https://github.com/pinojs/pino/issues/854>
        // message: inputArgs[0],
        msg: inputArgs[0],
        meta: inputArgs[1]
      });
    }
  }
});

const isProduction = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production';
const logger = new Axe({
  logger: isProduction ? pino : consola
});

logger.info('hello world');

Silent Logging

Silent logging is useful when you need to disable logging in certain environments for privacy reasons or to simply clean up output on stdout.

For example when you're running tests you can set logger.config.silent = true.

const Axe = require('axe');

const logger = new Axe({ silent: true });

logger.info('hello world');

Stack Traces and Error Handling

Please see Cabin's documentation for stack traces and error handling for more information.

If you're not using cabin, you can simply replace instances of the word cabin with axe in the documentation examples linked above.

Hooks

You can add synchronous "pre" hooks and/or asynchronous/synchronous "post" hooks with Axe. Both pre and post hooks accept four arguments (level, err, message, and meta). Pre hooks are required to be synchronous. Pre hooks also run before any metadata is picked, omitted, remapped, etc.

Both pre and post hooks execute serially – and while pre hooks are blocking, post-hooks will run in the background after logger methods are invoked (you can have a post hook that's a Promise or async function).

Pre hooks require an Array to be returned of [ err, message, meta ].

Pre hooks allow you to manipulate the arguments err, message, and meta that are passed to the internal logger methods. This is useful for masking sensitive data or doing additional custom logic before writing logs.

Post hooks are useful if you want to send logging information to a third-party, store them into a database, or do any sort of custom processing.

As of v12, logger invocation (e.g. logger.info('hello')) will return their post hooks as a Promise – which means you can await logger.error(err); if needed – which is useful if you have jobs that need to store logs to a database using post hooks before the job shuts down with process.exit(0). Note that the resolved Promise returns an Array of the returned values from post hooks, executed serially via p-map-series. If no post hooks exist, then logger invocations will return an Object consisting of { method, err, message, meta }, whereas method is the logger method invoked with (e.g. logger.error() will have a method: 'error' value).

You should properly handle any errors in your pre hooks, otherwise they will be thrown and logger methods will not be invoked.

We will catch errors for post hooks by default and log them as errors with your logger methods' logger.error method).

Hooks can be defined in the options passed to an instance of Axe, e.g. new Axe({ hooks: { pre: [ fn ], post: [ fn ] } }); and/or with the method logger.pre(level, fn) or logger.post(level, fn). Here are a few examples below:

const Axe = require('axe');

const logger = new Axe({
  hooks: {
    pre: [
      function (level, err, message, meta) {
        message = message.replace(/world/gi, 'planet earth');
        return [err, message, meta];
      }
    ]
  }
});

logger.info('hello world');

// hello planet earth

const Axe = require('axe');

const logger = new Axe();

logger.pre('error', (err, message, meta) => {
  if (err instanceof Error) err.is_beep_boop = true;
  return [err, message, meta];
});

logger.error(new Error('oops'));

// Error: oops
//     at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/user/Projects/axe/test.js:39:14)
//     at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1105:14)
//     at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:10)
//     at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:981:32)
//     at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:822:12)
//     at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:77:12)
//     at node:internal/main/run_main_module:17:47 {
//   is_beep_boop: true
// }

const fs = require('node:fs');
const path = require('node:path');

const Axe = require('axe');

const logger = new Axe();

logger.post('error', async (err, message, meta) {
  // store the log
  await fs.promises.appendFile(
    path.join(__dirname, 'logs.txt'),
    JSON.stringify({ err, message, meta }, null, 2) + '\n'
  );
  return { method: 'error', err, message, meta };
});

// wait until logger stores the log
const [ log ] = await logger.error(new Error('oops'));
console.log(log);

// will wait to store logs before exiting process
process.exit(0);

For more examples of hooks, see our below sections on Send Logs to HTTP Endpoint, Send Logs to Slack), and Suppress Logger Data below.

Symbols

If you use Symbols (e.g. new Symbol('hello') or Symbol.for('hello'), and also wish to use these Symbols with remapping, picking, or omitting – then you must refer to them in dot-notation with either the Symbol.keyFor(symbol) value or the symbol.description value. In the case of const symbol = new Symbol('hello') and const symbol = Symbol.for('hello'), the dot-notation format would be simply be the key value "hello" – however if the symbol is nested in an object such as obj[symbol], then the dot-notation value would be obj.hello.

Remapping

If you would like to remap fields, such as response.headers to responseHeaders, then you can use environment variables or pass an object with configuration mapping.

const logger = new Axe({
  meta: {
    remappedFields: {
      'response.headers': 'responseHeaders'
    }
  }
});

logger.info('foo bar', {
  response: {
    headers: {
      'X-Hello-World': true
    }
  }
});

// foo bar { responseHeaders: { 'X-Hello-World': true } }

Omitting

If you would like to omit fields, such as response.headers from a response, so you are only left with the status code:

const logger = new Axe({
  meta: {
    omittedFields: ['response.headers']
  }
});

logger.info('foo bar', {
  response: {
    status: 200,
    headers: {
      'X-Hello-World': true
    }
  }
});

// foo bar { response: { status: 200 } }

Picking

If you would like to pick certain fields, such as response.status from a response:

const logger = new Axe({
  meta: {
    pickedFields: [ 'response.status' ]
  }
});

logger.info('foo bar', {
  response: {
    status: 200,
    headers: {
      'X-Hello-World': true
    }
  }
});

// foo bar { response: { status: 200 } }

Aliases

We have provided helper/safety aliases for logger.warn and logger.error of logger.warning and logger.err respectively.

Methods

A few extra methods are available, which were inspired by Slack's logger and added for compatibility:

  • logger.setLevel(level) - sets the log level (String) severity to invoke logger methods for (must be valid enumerable level)
  • logger.getNormalizedLevel(level) - gets the normalized log level (String) severity (normalizes to known logger levels, e.g. "warning" => "warn", "err" => "error", "log" => "info")
  • logger.setName(name) - sets the name (String) property (some loggers like pino will prefix logs with the name set here)

Examples

Send Logs to HTTP Endpoint

This is an example of using hooks to send a POST request to an HTTP endpoint with logs of the "fatal" and "error" levels that occur in your application:

We recommend superagent, however there are plenty of alternatives such as axios and ky.

  1. You will also need to install additional packages:

    npm install axe cuid parse-err fast-safe-stringify superagent

  2. Implementation example is provided below (and you can also refer to the Forward Email code base):

    const Axe = require('axe');
const cuid = require('cuid');
const parseErr = require('parse-err');
const safeStringify = require('fast-safe-stringify');
const superagent = require('superagent');

const logger = new Axe();

// <https://github.com/cabinjs/axe/#send-logs-to-http-endpoint>
async function hook(err, message, meta) {
  //
  // return early if we wish to ignore this
  // (this prevents recursion; see end of this fn)
  //
  if (meta.ignore_hook) return;

  try {
    const request = superagent
      .post(`https://api.example.com/v1/log`)
      // if the meta object already contained a request ID then re-use it
      // otherwise generate one that gets re-used in the API log request
      // (which normalizes server/browser request id formatting)
      .set(
        'X-Request-Id',
        meta && meta.request && meta.request.id ? meta.request.id : cuid()
      )
      .set('X-Axe-Version', logger.config.version)
      .timeout(5000);

    // if your endpoint is protected by an API token
    // note that superagent exposes `.auth()` method
    // request.auth(API_TOKEN);

    const response = await request
      .type('application/json')
      .retry(3)
      .send(safeStringify({ err: parseErr(err), message, meta }));

    logger.info('log sent over HTTP', { response, ignore_hook: true });
  } catch (err) {
    logger.fatal(err, { ignore_hook: true });
  }
}

for (const level of logger.config.levels) {
  logger.post(level, hook);
}

Send Logs to Slack

This is an example of using hooks to send a message to Slack with logs of the "fatal" and "error" levels that occur in your application:

  1. You will need to install the @slack/web-api package locally:

    npm install @slack/web-api

  2. Create and copy to your clipboard a new Slack bot token at https://my.slack.com/services/new/bot.

  3. Implementation example is provided below:

    Replace INSERT-YOUR-TOKEN with the token in your clipboard

    const os = require('os');

const Axe = require('axe');
const { WebClient } = require('@slack/web-api');

// create our application logger that uses hooks
const logger = new Axe({
  logger: console, // optional (e.g. pino, signale, consola)
  level: 'info' // optional (defaults to info)
});

// create an instance of the Slack Web Client API for posting messages
const web = new WebClient('INSERT-YOUR-TOKEN', {
  // https://slack.dev/node-slack-sdk/web-api#logging
  logger,
  logLevel: logger.config.level
});

async function hook(err, message, meta) {
  //
  // return early if we wish to ignore this
  // (this prevents recursion; see end of this fn)
  //
  if (meta.ignore_hook) return;

  // otherwise post a message to the slack channel
  try {
    const result = await web.chat.postMessage({
      channel: 'monitoring',
      username: 'Axe',
      icon_emoji: ':axe:',
      attachments: [
        {
          title: err && err.message || message,
          color: 'danger',
          text: err && err.stack || message,
          fields: [
            {
              title: 'Level',
              value: meta.level,
              short: true
            },
            {
              title: 'Environment',
              value: meta.app.environment,
              short: true
            },
            {
              title: 'Hostname',
              value: meta.app.hostname,
              short: true
            },
            {
              title: 'Hash',
              value: meta.app.hash,
              short: true
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    });

    // finally log the result from slack
    logger.info('slack message sent', { result });
  } catch (err) {
    logger.fatal(err, { ignore_hook: true });
  }
}

// bind custom hooks for "fatal" and "error" log levels
logger.post('error', hook);
logger.post('fatal', hook);

// test out the slack integration
logger.error(new Error('Uh oh something went wrong!'));

Send Logs to Sentry

See below example and the reference at https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/node/ for more information.

npm install @sentry/node

const Axe = require('axe');
const Sentry = require('@sentry/node');

const logger = new Axe();

Sentry.init({
  // TODO: input your DSN here from Sentry once you're logged in at:
  // https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/node/#configure
  dsn: "https://examplePublicKey@o0.ingest.sentry.io/0",
});

for (const level of logger.config.levels) {
  logger.post(level, (err, message, meta) => {
    // https://docs.sentry.io/clients/node/usage/
    if (err) {
      Sentry.captureException(err, meta);
    } else {
      Sentry.captureMessage(message, meta);
    }
  });
}

// do stuff
logger.error(new Error('uh oh'));

Send Logs to Datadog

See below example and the reference at https://docs.datadoghq.com/logs/log_collection/nodejs/?tab=winston30#agentless-logging.

Be sure to replace DATADOG_API_KEY and DATADOG_APP_NAME with your Datadog API key and application name.

npm install axe cuid parse-err fast-safe-stringify superagent

const Axe = require('axe');
const cuid = require('cuid');
const parseErr = require('parse-err');
const safeStringify = require('fast-safe-stringify');
const superagent = require('superagent');

const logger = new Axe();

// TODO: use env var or replace this const with a string
const DATADOG_API_KEY = process.env.DATADOG_API_KEY;

// TODO: use env var or replace this const with a string
const DATADOG_APP_NAME = process.env.DATADOG_APP_NAME;

// <https://github.com/cabinjs/axe/#send-logs-to-datadog>
async function hook(err, message, meta) {
  //
  // return early if we wish to ignore this
  // (this prevents recursion; see end of this fn)
  //
  if (meta.ignore_hook) return;

  try {
    const request = superagent
      .post(`https://http-intake.logs.datadoghq.com/api/v2/logs?dd-api-key=${DATADOG_API_KEY}&ddsource=nodejs&service=${DATADOG_APP_NAME}`)
      // if the meta object already contained a request ID then re-use it
      // otherwise generate one that gets re-used in the API log request
      // (which normalizes server/browser request id formatting)
      .set(
        'X-Request-Id',
        meta && meta.request && meta.request.id ? meta.request.id : cuid()
      )
      .set('X-Axe-Version', logger.config.version)
      .timeout(5000);

    const response = await request
      .type('application/json')
      .retry(3)
      .send(safeStringify({ err: parseErr(err), message, meta }));

    logger.info('log sent over HTTP', { response, ignore_hook: true });
  } catch (err) {
    logger.fatal(err, { ignore_hook: true });
  }
}

for (const level of logger.config.levels) {
  logger.post(level, hook);
}

Send Logs to Papertrail

See below example and the reference at https://www.papertrail.com/help/configuring-centralized-logging-from-nodejs-apps/.

Be sure to replace PAPERTRAIL_TOKEN with your Papertrail token.

npm install axe cuid parse-err fast-safe-stringify superagent

const Axe = require('axe');
const cuid = require('cuid');
const parseErr = require('parse-err');
const safeStringify = require('fast-safe-stringify');
const superagent = require('superagent');

const logger = new Axe();

// TODO: use env var or replace this const with a string
const PAPERTRAIL_TOKEN = process.env.PAPERTRAIL_TOKEN;

// <https://github.com/cabinjs/axe/#send-logs-to-papertrail>
async function hook(err, message, meta) {
  //
  // return early if we wish to ignore this
  // (this prevents recursion; see end of this fn)
  //
  if (meta.ignore_hook) return;

  try {
    const request = superagent
      .post('https://logs.collector.solarwinds.com/v1/log')
      // if the meta object already contained a request ID then re-use it
      // otherwise generate one that gets re-used in the API log request
      // (which normalizes server/browser request id formatting)
      .set(
        'X-Request-Id',
        meta && meta.request && meta.request.id ? meta.request.id : cuid()
      )
      .set('X-Axe-Version', logger.config.version)
      .timeout(5000);

    request.auth('', PAPERTRAIL_TOKEN);

    const response = await request
      .type('application/json')
      .retry(3)
      .send(safeStringify({ err: parseErr(err), message, meta }));

    logger.info('log sent over HTTP', { response, ignore_hook: true });
  } catch (err) {
    logger.fatal(err, { ignore_hook: true });
  }
}

for (const level of logger.config.levels) {
  logger.post(level, hook);
}

Suppress Logger Data

This is an example of using a custom hook to manipulate logger arguments to suppress sensitive data.

const Axe = require('.');

const logger = new Axe();

for (const level of logger.config.levels) {
  const fn = logger.config.logger[level];
  logger.config.logger[level] = function (message, meta) {
    // replace any messages "beep" -> "boop"
    if (typeof message === 'string') message = message.replace(/beep/g, 'boop');

    // mask the property "beep" in the meta object "data"
    if (meta?.data?.beep)
      meta.data.beep = Array.from({ length: meta.data.beep.length })
        .fill('*')
        .join('');

    return Reflect.apply(fn, this, [message, meta]);
  };
}

logger.warn('hello world beep');

// hello world boop

logger.info('start', {
  data: {
    foo: 'bar',
    beep: 'boop' // <--- we're suppressing "beep" -> "****"
  }
});

// start { data: { foo: 'bar', beep: '****' } }

logger.error(new Error('oops!'), {
  data: {
    beep: 'beep-boop-beep' // this becomes "**************"
  }
});

// Error: oops!
//     at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/user/Projects/axe/test.js:30:14)
//     at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1105:14)
//     at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1159:10)
//     at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:981:32)
//     at Function.Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:822:12)
//     at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:77:12)
//     at node:internal/main/run_main_module:17:47 { data: { beep: '**************' } }