2024 URL 正则表达式 JavaScript 和 Node.js 代码示例

Regular expression matching for URL's. Maintained, safe, and browser-friendly version of url-regex. Resolves CVE-2020-7661 for Node.js servers. Works in Node v14+ and browsers. Maintained for Spam Scanner and Forward Email.

Foreword

After discovering CVE-2020-7661 and disclosing it publicly (through my work on Spam Scanner and Forward Email) – I used an implementation of url-regex with some extra glue on top to filter out bad URL matches.

However after using it on Forward Email in production (which processes hundreds of thousands of emails per week), I found and documented several more core issues with url-regex.

Realizing that url-regex is no longer actively maintained, has 9 open pull requests as of this writing, and also lacked browser support – I decided to write this package for everyone and merge all the open pull requests.

This package should hopefully more closely resemble real-world intended usage of a URL regular expression, and also allowing the user to configure it as they wish. Please check out Forward Email if this package helped you, and explore our source code on GitHub which shows how we use this package.

Install

NOTE: The default behavior of this package will attempt to load re2 (it is an optional peer dependency used to prevent regular expression denial of service attacks and more). If you wish to use this behavior, you must have re2 installed via npm install re2 – otherwise it will fallback to using normal RegExp instances. As of v4.0.0 we added an option if you wish to force this package to not even attempt to load re2 (e.g. it's in your node_modules but you don't want to use it) – simply pass re2: false as an option.

npm:

npm install url-regex-safe

Usage

Node

We've resolved CVE-2020-7661 by including RE2 for Node.js usage. You will not have to manually wrap your URL regular expressions with new RE2(urlRegex()) anymore through url-regex-safe (we do it automatically for you).

const urlRegexSafe = require('url-regex-safe');

const str = 'some long string with url.com in it';
const matches = str.match(urlRegexSafe());

for (const match of matches) {
  console.log('match', match);
}

console.log(urlRegexSafe({ exact: true }).test('github.com'));

Browser

Since RE2 is not made for the browser, it will not be used, and therefore CVE-2020-7661 is still an issue on the client-side. However it is not severe since the most it would do is crash the browser tab (as on the Node.js side it would have crashed the entire process and thrown an out of memory exception).

VanillaJS

This is the solution for you if you're just using <script> tags everywhere!

<script src="https://unpkg.com/url-regex-safe"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  (function() {
    var str = 'some long string with url.com in it';
    var matches = str.match(urlRegexSafe());

    for (var i=0; i<matches.length; i++) {
      console.log('match', matches[i]);
    }

    console.log(urlRegexSafe({ exact: true }).test('github.com'));
  })();
</script>

Bundler

Assuming you are using browserify, webpack, rollup, or another bundler, you can simply follow Node usage above.

TypeScript

To use this package with TypeScript, you can install the @types/url-regex-safe package for type definitions.

npm install --save-dev @types/url-regex-safe

Options

Property	Type	Default Value	Description
re2	Boolean	true	Attempt to load re2 to use instead of RegExp for creating new regular expression instances. If you pass re2: false, then re2 will not even be attempted to be loaded.
exact	Boolean	false	Only match an exact String. Useful with regex.test(str) to check if a String is a URL. We set this to false by default in order to match String values such as github.com (as opposed to requiring a protocol or www subdomain). We feel this closely more resembles real-world intended usage of this package.
strict	Boolean	false	Force URL's to start with a valid protocol or www if set to true. If true, then it will allow any TLD as long as it is a minimum of 2 valid characters. If it is false, then it will match the TLD against the list of valid TLD's using tlds.
auth	Boolean	false	Match against Basic Authentication headers. We set this to false by default since it was deprecated in Chromium, and otherwise it leaves the user with unwanted URL matches (more closely resembles real-world intended usage of this package by having it set to false by default too).
localhost	Boolean	true	Allows localhost in the URL hostname portion. See the test/test.js for more insight into the localhost test and how it will return a value which may be unwanted. A pull request would be considered to resolve the "pic.jp" vs. "pic.jpg" issue.
parens	Boolean	false	Match against Markdown-style trailing parenthesis. We set this to false because it should be up to the user to parse for Markdown URL's.
apostrophes	Boolean	false	Match against apostrophes. We set this to false because we don't want the String background: url('http://example.com/pic.jpg'); to result in http://example.com/pic.jpg'. See this issue for more information.
trailingPeriod	Boolean	false	Match against trailing periods. We set this to false by default since real-world behavior would want example.com versus example.com. as the match (this is different than url-regex where it matches the trailing period in that package).
ipv4	Boolean	true	Match against IPv4 URL's.
ipv6	Boolean	true	Match against IPv6 URL's.
tlds	Array	tlds	Match against a specific list of tlds, or the default list provided by tlds.
returnString	Boolean	false	Return the RegExp as a String instead of a RegExp (useful for custom logic, such as we did with Spam Scanner).

Quick tips and migration from url-regex

You must override the default and set strict: true if you do not wish to match github.com by itself (though www.github.com will work if strict: false).

Unlike the deprecated and unmaintained package url-regex, we do a few things differently:

• We set strict to false by default (url-regex had this set to true)
• We added an auth option, which is set to false by default (url-regex matches against Basic Authentication; had this set to true - however this is a deprecated behavior in Chromium).
• We added parens and ipv6 options, which are set to false and true by default (url-regex had parens set to true and ipv6 was non-existent or set to false rather).
• We added an apostrophe option, which is set to false by default (url-regex had this set to true).
• We added a trailingPeriod option, which is set to false by default (which means matches won't contain trailing periods, whereas url-regex had this set to true).

Limitations

This limitation only applies if you are using re2: Since we cannot use regular expression's "negative lookbehinds" functionality (due to RE2 limitations), we could not merge the logic from this pull request. This would have allowed us to make it so example.jpeg would match only if it was example.jp, however if you pass example.jpeg right now it will extract example.jp from it (since .jp is a TLD). An alternative solution may exist, and we welcome community contributions regarding this issue.